कैसे करें अरबी की खेती जिससे हो भारी मुनाफा
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अरबी की खेती
अरबी एक सदाबाहर पौधा है जो गरम क्षेत्रों में उगाया जाता है। अरबी को तारो ( Taro ) भी बोला जाता है । और तारो की जड़ों को “ईडो”, ‘दाशीन” और “कालो” के नाम से भी जाना जाता है। इसका पौधा 1 से 2 मीटर तक लंबा होता है। इसके पत्तों का रंग हल्का हरा होता है।
अंग्रेजी में इसे eddoe कहते हैं।
यह सेहत के लिए लाभदायक होती है, क्योंकि इससे कैंसर, ब्लड प्रेशर, दिल की बीमारियां, शुगर, पाचन क्रिया, त्वचा और तेज़ नज़र करने के लिए दवाईयां तैयार की जाती है। यह उत्तर भारत में केवल पंजाब व थोडा बहुत हिस्सा हिमाचल में बोया जाता है।
जबकि उत्तर भारत के अलावा मणिपुर, आसाम, गुजरात, महाराष्ट्र, केरला, आंध्रा प्रदेश, उत्तराखंड, उड़ीसा, पश्चिमी बंगाल, कर्नाटक और तेलंगाना में उगाया जाता है।
अरबी की खेती के लिए जरूरी तापमान व वर्षा
18 से 22 डिग्री के बीच का तापमान इसके बुआई के लिए अच्छा माना जाता है ।जबकि अगर बारिश 130 मिलीमीटर के आसपास हो तो यह सबसे अच्छी पैदावार देगा।
अरबी की खेती के लिए जरूरी मिट्टी
अरबी की खेती के लिए रेतली व दोमट मिट्टी सबसे अच्छी है। अगर मिट्टी में नमी ज्यादा होगी तो इसकी पैदावार कम होगी।
अरबी की प्रसिद्ध किस्में और उनकी पैदावार
उत्तर भारत में सबसे ज्यादा Punjab Arvi-1 नामक किस्म बोयी जाती है। यह किस्म 175 दिनों में तैयार हो जाती है| इसकी औसतन पैदावार 90 क्विंटल प्रति एकड़ होती है।
जबकि देश के अन्य राज्यों में
Sree Pallavi, Sree Kiran, Sree Rashmi, Satamukhi (Kovvur), Co1 आदि किस्में बोयी जाती हैं।
अरबी की खेती के लिए ज़मीन की तैयारी
अरबी की खेती के लिए खेत को बिजाई से पहले 2 से 3 बार जुताई करें और उसके बाद सुहागा फेरें।
अरबी की बिजाई
बिजाई का समय
उत्तर भारत में फरवरी महीने के पहले या दुसरे हफ्ते में बोया जाए तो ज्यादा फायदा होगा।
फासला
पंक्ति से पंक्ति में 60×15 या 45 x 20 सैं.मी. का फासला रखें।
बिजाई का तरीका
बीजों को मिट्टी में गहराई में बोया जाता है| इसकी बिजाई आलुओं की तरह मशीन से भी की जा सकती है।
अरबी की खेती के लिए बीज
बीज की मात्रा
एक एकड़ खेत मे 3.50 क्विंटल बीज को बोया जाता है।
बीज का उपचार
बविस्टीन के 2% घोल में 30 मिनट के लिए बीज को भिगोएं। इससे मिट्टी में पैदा होने वाली बीमारीयों से फसल का बचाव होगा।
also read this वो मशीनें जो आपकी खेती के तरीके को पुरी तरह बदल देंगी |
खाद
बिजाई से पहले से गोबर की खाद 50 क्विंटल प्रति एकड़ डालें।
बाद में यूरिया 90 किलो, सिंगल सुपर फासफेट 125 किलो और मिउरेट ऑफ़ पोटाश 35 किलो प्रति एकड़ डालें।
सिंचाई
बिजाई के तुरंत बाद सिंचाई करें।
गर्मीयों में, सिंचाई हर 3 से 4 दिनों के फासले पर करें । बीजों के अंकुरण तक खेत में नमी बनाये रखें।
कीट और रोकथाम
कुछ कीट बीजों पर हमला करते हैं और बीज उत्पादन को नुकसान पहुंचाते हैं।
रोकथाम: इनकी रोकथाम के लिए मैलाथियान 50 ई सी @250 मि.ली. का प्रयोग करें।
गांठों का गलना
इस बीमारी में पत्ते छोटे रह जाते हैं। कई बार शिखर से मुड़ जाते हैं तो कई बार पत्ते पीले पड़ जाते हैं। इससे पौधे का विकास भी रुक जाता है।
रोकथाम: यदि आपको उपर बताई कोई चीज दिखे तो ज़िनेब 75 डब्लयु पी 400 ग्राम या एम 45, 400 ग्राम को 150 लीटर पानी में मिलाकर प्रति एकड़ में स्प्रे करें।
अरबी की फसल की कटाई
जैसा की आपको पहले बताया अरबी लगभग 6 महीनें में तैयार हो जाती है। नर्म अरबी की फसल लिए अगेती कटाई करें| कटाई के बाद अरबी को साफ किया जाता है और फिर छंटाई की जाती है
कटाई के बाद
अरबी को ठंडी और शुष्क जगह पर बीज उत्पादन के लिए स्टोर कर लिया जाता है।
बाजार
अरबी की खरीद लगभग हर निकटतम सब्जी बाजार में होती है। उत्तर भारत में दिल्ली की आजादपुर सब्जी मंडी इसका काफी बडा बाजार है।
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